Earth, Wind & Fire (1970-2013)

April 03, 2020 
/ Contributed By: Robert Mikell

Earth

Earth

Photo by Craig O'Neal (CC BY-SA 2.0)

Earth, Wind & Fire (EWF) is multi-genre band that spans across R&B, soul, jazz, disco, funk, rock, and Latin musical styles. Some of the bandโ€™s most prominent members included Maurice White, Phillip Bailey, Verdine White, Fred White, Larry Dunn, Ralph Johnson, John Paris, Johnny Graham, Ralph Johnson, Al McKay and Andrew Woolfolk.

EWF was an outgrowth of an earlier band, Salty Peppers, formed in 1968 in Chicago, Illinois by Maurice White. In 1969 White moved to Los Angeles, California and added new members including his brother Verdine, Donny Hathaway, and Sherry Scott.

White changed the bandโ€™s name to Earth, Wind & Fire in 1970, following his astrological sign, Sagittarius. The band was then expanded to include Michael Beal, Chester Washington, Leslie Drayton, and Alex Thomas.

EWFโ€™s first album (self-titled), was released in February 1971 on the Warner Bros. label. The album charted at No. 24 of Billboardโ€™s Top Soul Albums. In April 1971, the band released the soundtrack from the film Sweet Sweetback’s Baadasssss Song, which reached No. 13 on Billboard Top R&B Album chart. EWF also released their The Need of Love album in November, 1971.

The band was reconstituted in 1972 to include Phillip Bailey and switched to record producer Clive Davisโ€™s label, Columbia Records. Davis was so impressed with the band that he bought out their contract from Warner Bros.

Throughout the rest of the 1970s Earth, Wind & Fire produced a string of hits. Their album Head to the Sky was released in May 1973 and rose to No. 27 on Billboardโ€™s 200. In 1974, the band collaborated with Ramsey Lewis on his album Sun Goddess that reached No. 1 on the Billboard Top Soul Albums. Thatโ€™s the Way of the World was released March 1975 and rose to No. 1 on Billboard. The lead single โ€œShining Starโ€ hit the top of both the R&B and pop charts. That album also contained Phillip Baileyโ€™s signature ballad, โ€œReason.โ€ EWF then released the double-LP set Gratitude, which contained the hits โ€œSing a Songโ€ and the ballad โ€œCanโ€™t Hide Love.โ€ They released The Best of Earth, Wind & Fire, Vol. 1 in 1977 that contained the single โ€œSeptemberโ€ and in 1979 they collaborated with the Emotions for the hit singles โ€œBoogie Wonderlandโ€ and โ€œAfter the Love Has Gone.โ€ In 1981 they released Letโ€™s Groove and in 1983, Powerhouse.

Earth, Wind, and Fire’s Maurice White and Philip Bailey performing in 1982 at the Ahoy Rotterdam, The Netherlands
Courtesy Chris Hakkens (CC BY-SA 2.0)

As interest in the bandโ€™s sound waned, White disbanded the group in 1983 as Phillip Bailey and other members embarked on individual projects. Reunited once again in 1987, they released Touch the World followed by Heritage (1990); Millennium (1993); In the Name of Love (1997); The Promise (2003); and Illumination in 2005. Their last album, Now, Then & Forever, came out in 2013.

EWF are the recipients of six Grammys and four American Music Awards. In 1994 they were given an NAACP Image Award and in 1995 they earned a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame. In 2000 they were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. The band has record sales of over 90 million and received the BET Lifetime Achievement Award (2002), the Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award (2016), and the Kennedy Center Honors (2019).

On February 3, 2016, Earth, Wind & Fire founder Maurice White died from Parkinsonโ€™s disease in Los Angeles at age 74.

About the Author

Author Profile

Dr. Robert S. Mikell is a native of New Orleans, Louisiana, where he graduated from the Booker T. Washington High School. He holds an Associate of Arts degree in Business Administration from Fresno City College, a Bachelorโ€™s and Masterโ€™s degree in Business Administration from California State University, Fresno, and the Doctor of Education degree from the University of Southern California. Dr. Mikell served as a member of the faculty at California State University, Fresno from 1972 until he retired in 2007 as a Full Professor, during which time he taught courses in Ethnic Studies (African American Studies) and in the School of Business (Management and Marketing). He served twelve years (1978-90) as the Chairperson of the Ethnic Studies Program. In 2007, the university bestowed on him the honor of Professor Emeritus of Africana Studies.

Dr. Mikell was the founder of the Africana Studies Research Center and served as the Director. His teaching emphasis was in the area of socio-cultural dynamics which included courses in race relations, cultural diversity, and cultural music, as well as economic and business development. He developed and taught courses on African American Music and โ€œThe Life and Times of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.,Principles of Marketing, Organizational Behavior, and other courses. He served as co-chair of the MLK, Jr Monument Committee, which commissioned the life-size statue of Dr. King located in the Universityโ€™s Peace Garden. Currently, he is serving on the Presidentโ€™s Nelson Mandela Project Monument Committee at Fresno State.

Dr. Mikellโ€™s research interest and consultation works are in the fields of minority business development, migration patterns, early New Orleans Jazz, innovative teaching through distance learning for which he received a FIFSE grant in the amount of $243,000, and the history of the Black town Allensworth (a published work). He received funding for several of research projects that involved introducing students to research methodology. Dr. Mikell wrote numerous grant proposals that received funding which were designed to enhance the well-being of all students. Other projects funded were, The Evolution of African American Music which included weekend courses and lectures/demonstrations with live music performed by local musicians.

Dr. Mikell has written a manuscript titled, โ€œPeter Davis: The First Music Master of the Great Louis Armstrong.โ€ his most recent article is The Legacy of Louis Armstrongโ€™s Music Teacher Peter Davis, The Syncopated Times, July 27, 2019. Several of his other publications can be found on the academic website, blackpast.org. His recent speaking engagements include: โ€œThe Meaning of Juneteenthโ€, Allensworth State Historic Park, June 18, 2022; โ€œAfrican American History: the Antebellum South and Reconstruction Eraโ€, Allensworth State Historic Park, Oct. 8, 2022; and โ€œPeter Davis, the Music Master of Louis Armstrongโ€, Satchmo SummerFest, New Orleans, Aug 7, 2022.

Dr. Mikell has distinguished himself through numerous community and University awards. He devoted himself to serving on a variety of committees at the Department, School, and University levels. He is a co-founder and former board member of Valley Small Business Development Corporation and was an elected official (seven years) for the Educational Employees Credit Union, where he served as the Chairperson of the Supervisory Committee. Dr. Mikell presently volunteers as a Jazz Host at KFSR 90.7, FM streaming at kfsr.org, Red Beans and Jazz, Fridays, 9:00am to 12:00pm. His program theme song is โ€œHello Dollyโ€ song by Louis Armstrong.

CITE THIS ENTRY IN APA FORMAT:

Mikell, R. (2020, April 03). Earth, Wind & Fire (1970-2013). BlackPast.org. https://www.blackpast.org/african-american-history/earth-wind-fire-1970-2013/

Source of the Author's Information:

Steve Huey, Earth, Wind & Fire, Biography, iHeart.com, https://www.iheart.com/artist/earth-wind-fire-29638/, Reeves, et al., โ€œEarth, Wind & Fire: 12 Essential Songs,โ€ Rolling Stone, (February 5, 2016) https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-lists/earth-wind-fire-12-essential-songs-26670/sweetbacks-theme-1971-27970/; โ€œEarth, Wind, and Fire,โ€ Allmusic.com, https://www.allmusic.com/artist/earth-wind-fire-mn0000135273/biography.

Further Reading