United States – California
Thomas Courtney Fleming (1907-2006)
Thomas Fleming was a founding editor and columnist of one of the leading African American newspapers in California, the San...
Terry Francois (1921-1989)
The first African American to serve on the San Francisco Board of Supervisors, Terry Francois was a leading politician in...
East Bay Democratic Club
An important force in local and state politics in the Oakland, California region, the East Bay Democratic Club (EBDC) was...
Toby Joseph Cotton, Jr. (1913–1978)
Toby Joseph Cotton, Jr., was born in Louisiana on March 2, 1913. By 1916, his family had migrated to Portland,...
Anita Scott Coleman (1890-1960)
Anita Scott Coleman was a relatively unknown but important western contributor to the Harlem Renaissance. Born in Guaymas, Sonora, Mexico...
Ken Norton (1943-2013)
Kenneth Howard Norton was born on August 9, 1943 in Jacksonville, Illinois. An all-around athlete, Ken excelled in varsity track...
Buffalo Soldiers
After the Civil War, when the massive Union Army was disbanded, Congress could not ignore the contributions of about 200,000...
Gilford P. Hervey (1836-1920)
Gilford P. Hervey was born enslaved, the third of 14 children of Cary M. and Rose Hervey in Halifax County,...
Defending Nikkei: Hugh MacBeth and the Japanese American Internment
In the account below University of Quebec at Montreal historian Greg Robinson describes the activies of Hugh MacBeth, a black...
