Peter Cole is a professor of history at Western Illinois University in Macomb, Illinois. He holds a Ph. D. in history from Georgetown University and a B.A. from Columbia University. He has published two books and numerous articles on the World War I era’s most inclusive labor union, Local 8, a part of the Industrial Workers of the World: Wobblies on the Waterfront: Interracial Unionism in Progressive-Era Philadelphia (Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 2007) and Ben Fletcher: The Life & Times of a Black Wobbly (New York: Charles H. Kerr Press, 2007). His current book project is a comparative history of longshore workers in the San Francisco Bay Area and Durban, South Africa.