The following are documents which have contributed to the shaping of African American history. These documents are a starting point for additional research and discussions that help further our understanding of the history of people of African ancestry in the United States.
Title A Constitutional amendment to prohibit the state from discriminating against, or granting preferential treatment to any individual or group on the basis of race, sex, color, ethnicity, or national origin in public employment, public education or public contracting; to apply the amendment only to … Read More(2008) Nebraska Civil Rights Initiative 424
In an open letter to his daughters, Malia and Sasha, appearing in PARADE Magazine on Sunday, January 18, 2009, two days before his inauguration as the 44th President of the United States, Barack Obama describes his hopes and dreams for the future with them and … Read More(2009) Barack Obama, “What I Want For You–and For Every Child”
(Slip Opinion) Argued April 22, 2009 Decided June 29, 2009 New Haven, Conn. (City), uses objective examinations to identify those firefighters best qualified for promotion. When the results of such an exam to fill vacant lieutenant and captain positions showed that white candidates had outperformed … Read More(2009) Ricci v. DeStefano
This bibliography lists sources for the history of African-Americans in the city of Portland and the state of Oregon, and less comprehensively, the Pacific Northwest and Far West. A list of Portland and West Coast African-American newspapers and periodicals and a brief list of selected … Read More(2010) History of African Americans in Portland & Oregon: A Selected Bibliography
Abigail Noel FISHER, Petitioner v. UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS AT AUSTIN et al. No. 11-345. Supreme Court of United States. Argued October 10, 2012. Decided June 24, 2013. Bert W. Rein, Washington, DC, Petitioner. Gregory G. Garre, Washington, DC, for Respondents. Donald B. Verilli, Jr., for … Read More(2013) Fisher v. University of Texas at Austin
One Hundred Seventeenth Congress of the United States of America AT THE SECOND SESSION Begun and held at the City of Washington on Monday, the third day of January, two thousand and twenty-two An Act To amend section 249 of title 18, United States Code, … Read More(2022) Emmett Till Antilynching Act
STUDENTS FOR FAIR ADMISSIONS, INC. v. President and Fellows of Harvard College certiorari to the united states court of appeals for the first circuit ________________________________________ No. 20–1199. Argued October 31, 2022—Decided June 29, 2023 ________________________________________ Harvard College and the University of North Carolina (UNC) are … Read More(2023) Students for Fair Admissions v. Harvard and Students for Fair Admissions v. University of North Carolina
