Negro String Quartet (1920-1933)

May 12, 2020 
/ Contributed By: Robert Mikell

Felix Weir

Felix Weir

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The Negro String Quartet was founded by Felix Weir in 1920 and remained active until 1933. The Quartet performed in musical programs at churches and community organizations in Harlem and at Columbia University. The Quartet was composed of Felix Weir and Arthur Boyd, first and second violins respectively. On the viola was Hall Johnson, and Marion Cumbo was on the cello.

The Negro String Quartet was an outgrowth of the American String Quartet, also founded by Felix Weir, who had previously toured as a duet with cellist Leonard Jeter. The pair expanded to include Jeter’s sister, Olyve, who played the piano. In 1914 Weir and Jeter expanded the group once more, dropping pianist Olyve and adding Joseph Lymos and Hall Johnson, constituting the American String Quartet.

The tenure of the American String Quartet ran from 1914-1919. Two of its members (Johnson and Jeter) were members of the pit orchestra of the Broadway musical Shuffle Along. Famed musicians Eubie Blake and William Grant Still were also members of the pit orchestra.

In 1920, under the new quartet, Weir replaced Jeter with cellist Marion Cumbo, his former student. Lymos replaced first violinist Arthur Boyd and Johnson became the quartet’s viola player. The Negro String Quartet performed both European chamber music and the music of African American composers including the music compositions of Samuel Coleridge-Taylor and Clarence Cameron White.

The most significant performance of the Negro String Quartet occurred on November 28, 1925, at Carnegie Hall. The Quartet accompanied the renowned singer Roland Hayes singing spirituals arranged by Quartet member Hall Johnson for tenor, piano, and string quartet. Olin Downes, the music critic of the New York Times, wrote, “The performance had the profound and mystical feeling that the slave songs possess—a spirituality and pathos given them in fact as well as in name…the contribution of musicians and artists together in the presence of a common ideal of beauty.”

About the Author

Author Profile

Dr. Robert S. Mikell is a native of New Orleans, Louisiana, where he graduated from the Booker T. Washington High School. He holds an Associate of Arts degree in Business Administration from Fresno City College, a Bachelor’s and Master’s degree in Business Administration from California State University, Fresno, and the Doctor of Education degree from the University of Southern California. Dr. Mikell served as a member of the faculty at California State University, Fresno from 1972 until he retired in 2007 as a Full Professor, during which time he taught courses in Ethnic Studies (African American Studies) and in the School of Business (Management and Marketing). He served twelve years (1978-90) as the Chairperson of the Ethnic Studies Program. In 2007, the university bestowed on him the honor of Professor Emeritus of Africana Studies.

Dr. Mikell was the founder of the Africana Studies Research Center and served as the Director. His teaching emphasis was in the area of socio-cultural dynamics which included courses in race relations, cultural diversity, and cultural music, as well as economic and business development. He developed and taught courses on African American Music and “The Life and Times of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.,Principles of Marketing, Organizational Behavior, and other courses. He served as co-chair of the MLK, Jr Monument Committee, which commissioned the life-size statue of Dr. King located in the University’s Peace Garden. Currently, he is serving on the President’s Nelson Mandela Project Monument Committee at Fresno State.

Dr. Mikell’s research interest and consultation works are in the fields of minority business development, migration patterns, early New Orleans Jazz, innovative teaching through distance learning for which he received a FIFSE grant in the amount of $243,000, and the history of the Black town Allensworth (a published work). He received funding for several of research projects that involved introducing students to research methodology. Dr. Mikell wrote numerous grant proposals that received funding which were designed to enhance the well-being of all students. Other projects funded were, The Evolution of African American Music which included weekend courses and lectures/demonstrations with live music performed by local musicians.

Dr. Mikell has written a manuscript titled, “Peter Davis: The First Music Master of the Great Louis Armstrong.” his most recent article is The Legacy of Louis Armstrong’s Music Teacher Peter Davis, The Syncopated Times, July 27, 2019. Several of his other publications can be found on the academic website, blackpast.org. His recent speaking engagements include: “The Meaning of Juneteenth”, Allensworth State Historic Park, June 18, 2022; “African American History: the Antebellum South and Reconstruction Era”, Allensworth State Historic Park, Oct. 8, 2022; and “Peter Davis, the Music Master of Louis Armstrong”, Satchmo SummerFest, New Orleans, Aug 7, 2022.

Dr. Mikell has distinguished himself through numerous community and University awards. He devoted himself to serving on a variety of committees at the Department, School, and University levels. He is a co-founder and former board member of Valley Small Business Development Corporation and was an elected official (seven years) for the Educational Employees Credit Union, where he served as the Chairperson of the Supervisory Committee. Dr. Mikell presently volunteers as a Jazz Host at KFSR 90.7, FM streaming at kfsr.org, Red Beans and Jazz, Fridays, 9:00am to 12:00pm. His program theme song is “Hello Dolly” song by Louis Armstrong.

CITE THIS ENTRY IN APA FORMAT:

Mikell, R. (2020, May 12). Negro String Quartet (1920-1933). BlackPast.org. https://www.blackpast.org/african-american-history/negro-string-quartet-1920-1933/

Source of the Author's Information:

Eileen Southern, The Music of Black Americans: A History (New York: W.W. Norton and Company, 1997); Olin Downes, “Music by Olin Downes, Roland Hayes sings, November 28, 1925,” The New York Times, http://search.proquest.com/docview/103491471 [login required]; “Negro String Quartet,” Encyclopedia.com, https://www.encyclopedia.com/history/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/negro-string-quartet.

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