Olivia A. Davidson (1854-1889)

January 19, 2007 
/ Contributed By: Nana Lawson Bush

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Olivia A. Davidson

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Born in Virginia in 1854, Olivia A. Davidson, the daughter of an ex-slave and freeborn mother, was the seventh of ten children.  The family moved from Virginia to southern Ohio in 1857, then moved to the northern part of the state in Albany and Athens after her father’s death.  The later move had a significant influence on her development as she attended the Enterprise Academy, which was owned, operated, and controlled by African American educators. Also, the Albany area was a focal point for anti-slavery sentiment, the site for three routes of the Underground Railroad, and it provided Davidson with the opportunity to interact with many Oberlin College graduates and faculty as well as African American activists.

Davidson began teaching at the age of sixteen in Ohio.  At the age of 18 she moved to Mississippi to teach freed people and their children.  In 1886, she delivered a speech to the Alabama State Teacher Association on the subject “How Shall We Make the Women of Our Race Stronger?” where she asserted that African American girls were the “hope of the race” and that the road to the collective improvement of African Americans dependent on the development of its daughters.  After two years in Mississippi and four years of teaching in the Memphis Public School system she enrolled at Hampton Normal A & I in Virginia in the fall of 1878.  In May of 1879, she gave the commencement address for her class. There she met Booker T. Washington (class of 1875), who was the postgraduate speaker at the ceremony.

Davidson became Washington’s second wife in August of 1886; she was the stepmother to his daughter Portia, and had two sons with Washington, Booker, Jr. and Ernest. At Tuskegee, in addition to serving as a confidant, wife, and mother, she was a teacher, curriculum specialist, principal, fund-raiser, and builder.  She died May 9, 1889.

About the Author

Author Profile

Nana Lawson Bush, V, Ph.D. is Chair of Pan African Studies at California State University, Los Angeles, and the former Director of the University California Irvine and Cal State Los Angeles Joint-Doctoral Program in Urban Educational Leadership.

Rooted in Pan-Africanism, Dr. Bush employs a pentecostal-revolutionary pedagogy – teaching from and to the spirit to foster a liberatory praxis. His approach to teaching is reflected in his research as he aims to contemporaneously disrupt power relations and to build programs, institutions, and states on the best of African philosophies and practices. His publications are numerous and impactful. He has published 4 books, including The Plan: A Guide for Women Raising African American Boys from Conception to College and The Plan Workbook, and 35 academic articles. Most notably, he published, along with his brother, Dr. Edward C. Bush, the first-ever comprehensive theory concerning Black boys and men called African American Male Theory (AAMT). His research foci situate him as the leading expert on the relationship between Black mothers and their sons, the development of Independent Black Institutions (IBIs) in the United States, and the theorization of Black boys and men. Moreover, his research has become the framework and guide for families, programs, and organizations nationwide.

Building on a multigenerational family lineage of service, struggle, and education, Dr. Bush started his first independent Black Saturday school at age 22. He continues to create Black independent educational spaces such as the Genius Project – a summer STEM academy. He is highly sought after for his expertise in developing rites-of-passage programs, which he has conducted for over 15 years working directly with hundreds of Black boys on manhood development. He co-founded the Akoma Unity Center, a 501c3 nonprofit organization headquartered in San Bernardino, CA, that utilizes an African-centered framework and approach to educate, heal, and transform historically excluded communities.

Dr. Bush views his role as the chair of Pan-African Studies as leading Worldmaking work. He is expanding and reclaiming Pan-African/Black/Africana studies to include the sciences as they are essential to Nation building. To this end, he is the founder of the Martin Delaney-Pan African Studies (MDpas) to Medical School Program, which prepares Cal State LA students for careers in medicine. Students major or minor in Pan-African Studies while completing the prerequisite courses to be eligible to apply to medical and other health professional schools. Moreover, he is the co-founder of the Health Professions Center for all Cal State LA students with the aim to become the national leader in producing culturally diverse and culturally responsive health-career professionals who are homegrown, that is, students from and trained in our local communities.

Nana is a traditional African priest and healer of the Akan priesthood of West Africa. Yet, he draws heavily on the basic teachings of his parents and grandmothers to guide him in his approach to his ministry and treatment of those society renders to be the least of us. He is the quintessential family man as he often states that he practices African spiritual traditions, but family is his religion. He is the father or baba of many children but has 3 biological – two daughters in medical school and a son who is a high school senior.

Dr. Bush has received numerous awards. Most recently, he received the Outstanding Faculty Award 2018, making him only the second African American in the history of Cal State LA to receive such an honor, and the Pan African Studies Black Community Honors Award 2018.

CITE THIS ENTRY IN APA FORMAT:

Bush, N. (2007, January 19). Olivia A. Davidson (1854-1889). BlackPast.org. https://www.blackpast.org/african-american-history/davidson-olivia-1854-1889/

Source of the Author's Information:

Darlene Clark Hine Black Women in America an Historical Encyclopedia Volumes 1 and 2 (Brooklyn, NY: Carlson Publishing, 1993).

Further Reading